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1.2 Graphene and Graphene Oxide 7 (A) 100 um 200 um (a) (B) Figure 1.3 (b) (c) (d) (A) SEM (scanning electron microscope) images of highly covered controlling the water interface pressure: (a) dilute monolayer of isolated flat sheets, (b) monolayer of close-packed GO, (c) over- packed monolayer with sheets folded at interconnected edges, and (d) over packed monolayer with folded and partially overlap sheets. (Reproduced with permission from [52].) 200 um 200 um 200 um graphene oxide monolayers, scale bar of 100 μm. Langmuir – Blodgett assembly of graphene oxide layers. (B) (a – d) SEM images of graphene oxide layers on a sili- con wafer for different surfaces pressures. The packing density gradually increased by and copper are the most promising, taking into account their low cost also. On the other hand the thermal annealing of SiC at high temperatures that range between 1000 and 1600◦C results in the sublimation of silicon atoms and the graphitization of the remaining carbon atoms. Another interesting method for the preparation of graphene sheets with predetermined size, also called graphene nanoribbons, is the chemical unzipping of multiwalled carbon nanotubes [62]. More precisely, the carbon nanotubes are cut along their axis by plasma etching or strong oxidation. A scheme that presents several procedures for the preparation of graphene nanoribbons as well as an atomic force microscopy (AFM) image of these graphene structures are shown in Figure 1.4. Graphene nanoribbons have the length of the nanotube and their width is equal to the circumference of the nanotube. Their electronic properties are largely determined by the edge structure (armchair or zigzag) and, for certain edge structures, exhibit an energy gap which increases with decreasing width of the nanoribbon [63].PDF Image | An Introduction to Graphene
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