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100 80 60 40 20 0 Pristine natural graphite Graphene nanosheets Exfoliated graphite oxide 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Temperature (°C) TGA curves of natural graphite, rGO (graphene nanosheets in the diagram) and exfoliated GO. (Reproduced with permission from [75].) and after procedures such as the oxidation and exfoliation of graphite or the functionalization of graphene sheets give rise to marked differences in the mass loss as a function of increasing temperature (with constant heating rate). As an example, Figure 1.8 reports the TGA data for Graphite, GO, and rGO as presented by Wang et al. [75]. The combustion of graphite starts at 650 ◦ C when the sample is heated in air, while GO loses 20% of its weight at 200 ◦ C and is finally decomposed at 550◦C. The first weight loss of GO is attributed to the removal of the oxygen groups while the lower combustion temperature of GO in comparison with graphite demonstrates the lower thermal stability of GO because of the presence of defects created after elimination of oxygen functional moieties. An intermediate thermal behavior is recorded in rGO which mirrors the lower number of oxygen groups in this material. For both GO and rGO the lower combustion temperature is also influenced by the exfoliation which makes the sheets more easily accessible to air than when they are tightly packed in graphite. 1.3.4 Optical Properties of Graphene Almost everyone has seen graphene nanosheets deposited on solid substrates. In fact the gray trace left by the movement of a pencil on a white paper is nothing else but overlaid graphene nanosheets. Likewise, if pristine graphene nanosheets are dispersed in organic solvents the liquid shows a gray color and becomes darker Figure 1.8 1.3 Characterization of Graphene 13 700 800 900 Weight loss (%)PDF Image | An Introduction to Graphene
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