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Graphene and Its Derivatives: Synthesis and Applications when a large quantity is required. Subsequently, we will discuss various synthesis techniques, applications, its status now, progress so far, and future prospects. In the synthesis of graphene-based materials, ball milling and hydrothermal methods show to be cheaper, the electrospinning method exhibits the benefits in the nanowire composite assembly, and the microwave-assisted method is easier and superfast in fabrication. We also explained methods of graphene synthesis while its derivatives are discussed in the second chapter of this book. The third chapter explained the new technique such as liquid phase exfoliation method for the synthesis and concentration enhancement of graphene which is suitable for the fabrication of the highly efficient modern electronic devices (Figure 1). 2.1 Cleavage and exfoliation technique This method is divided into two: (1) mechanical exfoliation and (2) chemical exfoliation. Mechanical exfoliation is the distortion of weak van der Waals force holding carbon–carbon atom together. The chemical method is the production of colloidal suspension which produces graphene from graphite compounds. Graphite is several densely packed layers of graphene sheets, hence, fixed together by weak van der Waals force. High-purity graphene sheets can be produced from graphite sheet by breaking the bonds that held them together. Therefore, exfoliation and cleavage are the use of mechanical or chemical energy to break down these weak bonds and separate distinctive graphene sheets. Viculis et al. [4] were the first to apply this principle by using potassium metal to separate pure graphite sheet and then exfoliate them using ethanol to form a dispersion of graphene sheets. Figure 1. Structure of graphene sheet, stacked graphene, wrapped graphene, and rolled graphene. Reproduced from Ref. [7]. 2PDF Image | Graphene and Its Applications
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