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Graphene: Fabrication Methods, Properties, and Applications in Modern Industries DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92258 Figure 9. Working of PLD of graphene [35]. graphene obtained from CVD process is high quality. More information regarding to CVD can be available in literature [27, 28]. 2.4 Flame synthesis Flame synthesis is widely used mass production method for making nano particles. This method is not well adopted for production of graphene as compared to chemical vapor deposition. Some researchers have focused to use of flame syn- thesis for making graphene materials due to its advantages like scalability and cost effectiveness. Experimental procedure of flame synthesis is given in Figure 8 [30]. Some researchers suggested that flame synthesis has potential to produce graphene economically [31, 32]. 2.5 Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) PLD is a widely used method of growth approach for producing almost all types of materials. During PLD process, laser energy source is outside the chamber; and cham- ber is maintained ultrahigh vacuum. Schematic diagram of PLD is given in Figure 9. In this process, material is deposited by at an angle of 45° by stoichiometry transfer between ablated target and substrate material. During this process, substrates are added to its surfaces parallel to the target at distance of 2–10 mm. Main advantages of PLD process is low temperature growth rate achieved such that high-quality graphene made without defects. Reader can get more details related PLD in literature [33, 34]. 3. Properties of graphene The rapid interest in graphene has started due its unusual properties exhibits/ possesses by graphene materials. Excellent properties of graphene fascinate to be huge potential for various applications. Properties of graphene which reported to literature are mostly single layer defect free. Some of the details about the proper- ties of graphene are discussed in following paragraph. 7PDF Image | Graphene Fabrication Methods
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