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108 A. Petrovski et al. characteristic for an ordered structure. There is a similar situation in sample 5 originating from graphite M2. The ratio of intensities the of the D and G peaks ID/IG is a measure for the order/ disorder of the graphene structure. Also, this ratio can be used to estimate the average crystallite size of the sp2 domains. The relation between ID/IG and the average crystallite size of the sp2 domains La is given by the equation of Tuinstra and Koenig [15]: ID 1⁄4 CðλÞ ð11:1Þ IG La C(λ) is a wavelength dependent prefactor: CðλÞ 1⁄4 12:6 þ 0:33 λ [15]. λ is the laser wavelength at which the Raman spectra were recorded, i.e. in this case 532 nm. Therefore, for the studied samples CðλÞ 1⁄4 4:956. The intensities of the D and G peaks can be expressed by the height of the peak, the surface area of the peak measured from the base-line, or by the full width at half maximum (FWHM). Mostly, the full width at half maximum is used [16]. The ID/IG ratio expressed by FWHM and the calculated crystallite size La of the studied samples are shown in Table 11.1. The crystallite size varies from 3.26 nm for sample 6 produced from graphite M2 in sulfuric acid with NaOH to 4.16 in sample 1 produced from graphite M1 in sulfuric acid. The 2D band is the second order peak of the D band; it appears as result of vibrational lattice processes. Although the 2D peaks of the samples studied are not so pronounced, they indicate the presence of graphene rather than graphite. The 2D band is not attributed to defects in the structure, but depends on the number of graphene layers. Thus, analyzing the intensity ratio of the 2D and the G peak I2D/IG the number of layers can be estimated [9, 17]. For the samples produced Table 11.1 Sample 1 2 3 4 5 6 Raman analysis of studied graphene samples D Position, cm1 ID (FWHM), cm1 1345.8 75.74 1345.67 97.45 1346.27 78.20 1354.1 50.48 1343.04 68.24 1341.05 72.59 G Position, cm 1 IG (FWHM), cm1 1591.9 63.22 1585.77 66.01 1592.12 62.07 1578.48 39.91 1576.6 56.81 1581.01 47.67 2D Position, cm1 2683.2 2678.5 2682.5 2683.5 2678.4 2692.4 La, nm 1.20 4.16 1.48 3.35 1.26 3.93 1.26 3.93 1.20 4.13 1.52 3.26 pericap@tmf.ukim.edu.mk ID/IGPDF Image | Graphene Produced by Electrolysis
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