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5 by reducing exfoliated GO using glucose and triethylamine respectively [22], [24]. But as explained earlier through GO it is unable to produce pristine graphene. Yi et al. produced graphene by sonicating water and alcohol and subsequently centrifuging it [25]. This method provided the main motivation developing the process presented in this thesis, for it was identified that sonication assisted in the exfoliation process and alcohol served as the primary agent in preventing the restacking of the graphene layers. Acoustic cavitation which is a result of sonication is the primary phenomenon in exfoliating graphene. Sonication which results in acoustic cavitation generates microbubbles and thereafter results in implosions. This microbubble generation and implosion assists in providing shear forces in exfoliating the graphene and normal forces in the fragmentation of graphene. The following chapters describe a mechano-chemical technique to exfoliate few layered graphene nanosheets in an aqueous dispersion using hydrodynamic cavitation. The process is aided by a commonly found protein, known as Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA). This also resolves the inefficiencies in sonication which primarily uses acoustic cavitation to exfoliate. 1.3 References 2. Sandip Niyogi, Elena Bekyarova, Mikhail E. Itkis, Jared L. McWilliams, Mark A. Hamon, and Robert C. Haddon Journal of the American Chemical Society 2006 128 (24), 7720-7721 3. Debye, P.; Scherrer, P. Phys. Z. 1917, 18, 291-301. 4. Puzyn, Tomasz, and Jerzy Leszczynski. Towards Efficient Designing of Safe Nanomaterials: Innovative Merge of Computational Approaches and Experimental Techniques. Cambridge, UK: RSC Publishing, 2012. 1. Said N et al. Comparison on Graphite, Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide: Synthesis and Characterization. AIP Conference Proceedings 1892(1):150002PDF Image | Hydrodynamic cavitation exfoliation layered graphene nano
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