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Synthesis and Medical Application of 3D Graphene Materials Novoselov, 2007). The C60 which is a zero-dimensional (0D) nanoparticle is the first identified nanostructure of carbon. Another nanostructure of carbon which is the second important nanostructure is the one-dimensional (1D) material of sp2 bonded carbon; the carbon nanotubes (CNT) (Geim & Novoselov, 2007; Sun et al., 2020). (a) (b) (c) Figure 3. Graphene Forms: (a) 0D Graphene, (b) 1D Nanotubes, and (c) 3D Graphene (Geim & Novoselov, 2007) Zero-Dimensional (0D) Nano Particles Zero dimensional nanoparticles or nanomaterials are the carbon black nanoparticles that are produced in large quantities in different ways, such as partial combustion and thermal decomposition of hydrocarbons either in a liquid or gaseous state (Raja et al., 2019). The fullerenes belong to this form with C60 number of carbon atoms folded into the shape of a ball. They have attracted considerable attention as a new form of elemental carbon making it a third of the allotropes of carbon when it was first discovered in 1985. It is prepared by several methods such as the arc-discharge and resistive-heating using graphite electrodes, other methods for the synthesis of fullerenes from other precursors other than graphite such as benzene, cycloalkynes, and naphthalene are also reported (Jang & Oh, 2004). One Dimensional (1D) Nanomaterial The carbon nanotubes (CNT) are found to be in this form based on the graphite-like arrangement of the carbon atoms in their structure. They were first discovered in 1991 by Iijima and often consist of several tens of graphitic atoms which could either be single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) or multi-walled- carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) (Popov, 2004). Carbon nanotubes are carbon fibres with outstanding properties, they pose the highest strength, highest thermal conductivity, and outstanding field emission properties. Also, metallic carbon nanotubes transport electric current ballistically without dissipating heat (Haddon, 2002; Novoselov et al., 2004). Carbon nanotubes have found application in electronic devices, and drug delivery and can be synthesized by arc discharge, laser ablation, and catalytic growth (Popov, 2004). 2524|Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science, 2(5), Feb, 2023PDF Image | Medical Application of 3D Graphene
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