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Synthesis and Medical Application of 3D Graphene Materials Figure 12. Photograph and Diagram of an Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma Torch (Dato & Frenklach, 2010) Single-layer and bilayer graphene synthesis has been achieved using this method at 250 W of applied microwave power. The synthesis is usually carried out in an atmospheric pressure microwave plasma reactor and an argon gas stream is passed through a microwave guide to generate an argon plasma. An aerosol consisting of argon gas and ethanol droplets is passed directly onto the argon plasma for which the ethanol droplets rapidly evaporate and dissociate in the plasma, forming a solid matter. The graphene sheets collected are sonicated in methanol (Figure 13b) for 5 min. They are found to easily disperse during sonication forming a homogenous black suspension, this can finally be characterized by a transmission electron microscope TEM (Figure 13c) (Dato et al., 2008). Figure 13. Diagram of the Atmospheric-Pressure Microwave Plasma Reactor Used to Synthesize Graphene (Dato et al., 2008) 3) Other Miscellaneous Methods a) Calcination of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) with Magnesium (Mg) powder: This method involves the mixing of magnesium powder and calcium carbonate powder and then pulverizing the mixture. The mixture is then put into a porcelain boat and heated in an electric furnace at 580oC for 5 hours under the protection of argon gas, ambient pressure is used for the entire calcination process. The furnace is later turned off after the set time and allowed to cool at room temperature, the product is further transferred into a beaker containing 3M HCl and stirred. This is left at room temperature overnight to remove MgO, CaO, and any metal Mg remaining. The Mg, MgO, and CaO react with the acid, forming MgCl2 and CaCl2 salts which are soluble in water, this is washed 2531|Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science, 2(5), Feb, 2023PDF Image | Medical Application of 3D Graphene
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