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20 Introduction to Carbon Materials Furthermore, X-ray diffraction measurements have revealed a certain amount of rotational disorder in the stacking of the graphene layers [16]. This, together with the rather large spacing between the graphene sheets on top of the buffer layer, corroborates the view that the graphitic layer on the SiC substrate consists indeed of almost independent graphene layers rather than of a thin graphite flake. However, the charge is not homogeneously distributed between the different graphene layers – it turns out that the graphene layer,9 which is closest to the substrate, is electron-doped due to a charge transfer from the bulk SiC, whereas the subsequent layers are hardly charged. As will be discussed in the following chapters, this inhomogeneous charge distribution in epitaxial graphene may be at the origin of different results in transport measurements when compared with exfoliated graphene and theoretical predictions. 9We refer to the layers on top of the buffer layer when using the term “graphene”. The buffer layer may not be counted due to its tight bonding to the SiC substrate.PDF Image | Physical Properties of Graphene
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