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Applied and Environmental Soil Science 15 Stock roll Inner gas fow Metal foil Annealing zone Growth zone Finished roll Inner tube (rotation optional) Outer gas fow Li+NH 3 2.2.6. Gas-Phase-Synthesized Graphene (GSG). A carbona- ceous gas (ethanol) is subjected to a microwave inducted argon plasma at atmospheric pressure [70, 71]. Te ethanol and argon mixture enter the section of the quartz tube where the plasma electrons absorb the microwaves which transfer the energy to heavier particles through collisions. Tis re- sults in an electron dense environment (greater than 1013 cm−3) where gas temperatures reach 3000 K [71–74]. Te ethanol decomposes into reactive fragments that fow out of the quartz tube to plasma afterglow where it reacts to form GSG (Figure 19) [74]. Top-down and bottom-up graphene synthesis methods discussed in Section 2 are summarized in the following table (Table 3) for a detailed understanding of the readership. Outer tube Figure 15: Roll to roll CVD graphene production [16]. (a) intercalation & exfoliation graphene nanoribbon (b) chemical H SO +KMnO (f) (c) catalytic nanoparticle (e) physico-chemical selective etching (d) electrical electron beam 244 Figure 16: Methods of unzipping carbon nanotubes [67]. ZnSe gas in wood 10.6 μm CO2 laser Figure 17: LIG synthesis on wood [68]. gas out ejected atoms current moving electrodePDF Image | State-of-the-Art Graphene Synthesis Methods
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