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In view of the above, we believe that electrochemical exfoliation mechanism in the present case is different than that observed with acidic and ionic liquid electrolytes. This type of exfoliation is triggered by intercalation of ions like SO42- (~4.60 Å) sizes longer than interlayer spacing between graphite layers (3.35 Å). In the following, we proceed to give a tangible mechanism of exfoliation with alkaline electrolyte. The electrolyte employed by us contains hydrated OH- ions (size ~2.503 Å). Like water this molecular configuration will be polar. As it enters the graphitic layers under applied electric field, it will polarize the graphitic layers located above and below. Under this condition hydrated OH- ions will get coupled with the graphitic layers with electrostatic interaction. Under optimum electric force the hydrated ions will pull the graphitic layers above and below out of the graphitic stack. The graphene-hydrated OH- configuration forming bilayer graphene will thus get formed and float in the alkaline electrolytic solution. The graphene formed by said process will be generally bilayer. However, if one of the layers of the two layers graphene get stack/pinned, while OH- drags graphite layer single layer graphene can also get formed. Fig. 10. Proposed mechanism of electrochemical exfoliation (with alkaline solution) of graphite.PDF Image | Synthesis Graphene Electrochemical Exfoliation of Graphite
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