Infinity Turbine LLC

Fire Hazard and Risk Assessment Battery Energy Storage System (BESS)


Lithium Hazard Technology Report
This comprehensive report provides a technical analysis of large-scale lithium energy storage systems, focusing on 1 MW+ containerized solutions. It delves into the risks of thermal runaway, fire hazards, and toxic gas emissions, along with strategies for fire prevention, monitoring, and site-specific installation considerations. Additionally, it covers the impact of lithium fires on insurance costs and outlines best practices for safety, scalability, and operational efficiency. Emerging technologies and regulatory frameworks are also discussed to provide actionable insights for manufacturers, operators, and policymakers.



Publication Title | Fire Hazard and Risk Assessment Battery Energy Storage System (BESS)

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2 SCOPE 2.1 GENERAL
A review of the design to applicable standards has been undertaken as well as a comparative risk assessment to existing power utility infrastructure and industrial facilities in the same setting.
An assessment of the likelihood of ignition and fire spread from a battery unit was undertaken. This assessment included the investigation of the likely heat release rate (HRR) of a fire and its impact on an adjacent building as a result of radiant heat transfer.
It is beyond the scope of this fire risk assessment to assess the likely spread at ground level of firefighting water run- off.
NJM Design makes all reasonable efforts to incorporate practical and advanced fire protection concepts into its advice. The extent to which this advice is carried out affects the probability of fire safety. It should be recognised, however, that fire protection is not an exact science. No amount of advice can, therefore, guarantee freedom from either ignition or fire damage.
The implementation of the findings of this report is the responsibility of others, including but not limited to:
◼ Development of drawings and specifications.
◼ The installation of hardware and construction system.
◼ The operation and maintenance of those systems.
2.2 BASIS OF THE STUDY
The development of the study was based on the following information:
◼ GeneralLayout,SheetGA2,receivedviaemailon03/11/2023.
◼ Red Flag Assessment dated October 2022.
◼ Review of other BESS fires and installations in particular the Victorian Big Battery fire and the ESV findings.
◼ CFADesignGuidelinesandModelRequirements:RenewableEnergyFacilities(Version4,August2023).
◼ Megapack 2XL Deflagration Analysis. Fire & Risk Alliance, LLC. Report, Revision 0, dated 15/06/2023 [2].
◼ Fire Protection Engineering Analysis. Fisher Engineering. Project reference 22035, dated 23/01/2023 [3].
◼ Industrial Lithium-Ion Battery Emergency Response Guide. Tesla INC. revision 2.6, 2022 [4].
◼ Megapack 2 XL Design and Installation Manual. Tesla INC. Revision 2.0, 2023 [5].
◼ Megapack2XLOperationandMaintenanceManual.Revision1.0,2023[6].
◼ Planning permit number PA2302247, dated 17 November 2023.
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FHRA 11 21 December 2023

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