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mainly attributed to two reaction pathways: methylation of m-cresol into xylenols followed by HDO into p-/m-xylene, and HDO of m-cresol into toluene followed by methylation into p-/m-xylene. Otherwise, the catalyst nature (metals and supporters) had obvious influence on the product distribution. Catalysts with mesoporous can influence the diffusion of the compound and the selectivity of xylenes. Catalysts loading Pt have higher hydrogenation activity than those loaded with Ni. Acknowledgments: We gratefully acknowledge the National Program for New Century Excellent Talents (NCET-13-0408) for financial support on this work. Author Contributions: Guozhu Liu designed the experiments. Jinhua Guo conducted the experiments and analyzed the data. Jinhua Guo and Yunxia Zhao wrote the draft of the manuscript which was then revised by all other authors. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. References 1. Shiramizu, M.; Toste, F.D. On the Diels-Alder approach to solely biomass-derived polyethylene terephthalate (PET): Conversion of 2,5-dimethylfuran and acrolein into p-xylene. Chemistry 2011, 17, 12452–12457. 2. Lyons, T.W.; Guironnet, D.; Findlater, M.; Brookhart, M. Synthesis of p-xylene from ethylene. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 15708–15711. 3. Williams, C.L.; Chang, C.C.; Do, P.; Nikbin, N.; Caratzoulas, S.; Vlachos, D.G.; Lobo, R.F.; Fan, W.; Dauenhauer, P.J. Cycloaddition of Biomass-Derived Furans for Catalytic Production of Renewablep-Xylene. ACS Catal. 2012, 2, 935–939. 4. Cheng, Y.T.; Wang, Z.; Gilbert, C.J.; Fan, W.; Huber, G.W. Production of p-xylene from biomass by catalytic fast pyrolysis using ZSM-5 catalysts with reduced pore openings. Angew. Chem. 2012, 51, 11097–11100. 5. Huber, G.W.; Iborra, S.; Corma, A. Synthesis of transportation fuels from biomass: Chemistry, catalysts, and engineering. Chem. Rev. 2006, 106, 4044–4098. 6. Effendi, A.; Gerhauser, H.; Bridgwater, A.V. Production of renewable phenolic resins by thermochemical conversion of biomass: A review. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2008, 12, 2092–2116. 7. Mullen, C.A.; Boateng, A.A. Catalytic pyrolysis-GC/MS of lignin from several sources. Fuel Process. Technol. 2010, 91, 1446–1458. 8. Karagöz, S.; Bhaskar, T.; Muto, A.; Sakata, Y. Hydrothermal upgrading of biomass: Effect of K2CO3 concentration and biomass/water ratio on products distribution. Bioresour. Technol. 2006, 97, 90–98. 9. Bai, X.; Kim, K.H.; Brown, R.C.; Dalluge, E.; Hutchinson, C.; Lee, Y.J.; Dalluge, D. Formation of phenolic oligomers during fast pyrolysis of lignin. Fuel 2014, 128, 170–179. 10. Zhang, X.; Wang, T.; Ma, L.; Zhang, Q.; Jiang, T. Hydrotreatment of bio-oil over Ni-based catalyst. Bioresour. Technol. 2012, 127, 306–311. 221PDF Image | Zeolite Catalysis
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