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It is therefore of prime importance to design ZSM-5 catalysts with tailored SAR, crystal size, morphology and texture since these parameters play an important role in several types of acid-catalyzed reactions. In addition, it is preferrable to control these properties via a one-pot synthesis, thus avoiding sequential post-treatments. Living organisms such as shells and corals commonly use self-assembly processes involving inorganic and organic moieties [10]. Moreover, the origin of life itself could be related to an interaction between silicon and aluminum compounds and organic molecules [11,12]. As a consequence, research combining biomass-derived compounds in alumino-silicate preparation, particularly the ones involving long synthesis duration and the formation of metastable species has great potential. Indeed, zeolites are metastable materials prepared either with an assistance of organic templates or by seed addition [13]. A clear effect between the template size and the zeolite pore architecture remains rather difficult to demonstrate. Crystal size and morphology are largely affected by the self-assembly process involved during crystal growth. In zeolite synthesis, meta-stable intermediate structures are produced, being themselves affected by the presence of different ingredients and especially the presence of organic co-components, in analogy to the aforementioned natural processes. The use of sugar cane biomass (bagasse) in the preparation of ZSM-5 zeolite was already reported by our group [14]. This procedure greatly affected the morphology of ZSM-5 crystals, resulting in sizes between 50–100 nm. In contrast, SAR values were not greatly affected and remained in the 20–30 range, similar to the zeolite synthesized in the absence of biomass residues. It is important to highlight that small ZSM-5 crystals increased both alkane cracking activity and selectivity toward propylene and ethylene compared with large crystals [14]. This simple and inexpensive method was also applied to the preparation of γ-alumina and resulted both in surface area and pore volume increases of up to 2.5-fold and 1.5-fold, respectively, when compared to alumina preparation in the absence of biomass [15]. Furthermore, mesopores in the 2-10 nm range were produced. HRTEM measurements showed that the presence of biomass enhanced the the formation of pores by interconnection of (002) and (1-11) planes. However, no improvement in alumina textural properties prepared in the presence of a solution containing biomass-extracted compounds could be observed. These results suggest that biomass or biomass-derived components formed under in-situ synthesis conditions induce changes (minor or major) in the self-assembly process. We would like to stress that biomass introduction itself or a solution containing biomass-extracted compounds for preparing an inorganic material is, so far, a case-by-case phenomenon, rather than a general and well established cause-effect principle. Hence, so far catalytic properties can barely be understood ‘a priori’. Herein the effect of biomass derived-compounds, 226PDF Image | Zeolite Catalysis
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