PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 030
1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 Capital Cost: 300 $/kWh 400 $/kWh 500 $/kWh 2000 20 40 60 Lower capacity limit (%) Figure II-4 – Levelized cost as a function of lower capacity limit (caplim) for three capital costs. For plotting purposes, the upper limit of x-axis set to 99.5%, as the LCOS value goes to infinity as caplim approaches 100%. Next, we perform sensitivity analyses of the two fade rates, the overall fade (Rfade) and electrolyte decay rate (rED), on LCOS at the three different Ccap values. Since caplim is an adjustable set point, at each fade rate we optimize the caplim to give the minimum LCOS, which is then plotted in Figure II-5 for Rfade (Figure II-5a) and rED (Figure II-5b). In each case we hold the non-varied fade rate at its baseline value (0.442 and 0.055 % capacity loss per cycle for the overall and electrolyte decay rates, respectively). Note that in the case of Rfade, while improvements may be expected (i.e., decreased Rfade values) in the near future through advances in membrane and cell design, we are also interested in the impact of increased Rfade values that could occur if less expensive or less resistive membranes are necessary to enable Ccap reductions that promote market penetration. Such reductions in membrane price and resistivity would likely occur from a loss of selectivity and reduction of membrane thickness, respectively, both of which would increase crossover rates. It is perhaps intuitive that lower fade rates would correspond with lower LCOS values, as less rebalancing or servicing events are required. In addition, we expect systems with lower fade rates to have higher optimal caplim values, as the balance of the two trends can result in no change in the number of rebalancing and servicing events (i.e., approximately the same maintenance costs), with the added benefit of higher energy stored and thus lower LCOS. Put differently, the optimal caplim decreases with increasing fade rates as it becomes more favorable to allow the energy stored to 80 99.5 30 LCOS ($/MWh)PDF Image | Bringing Redox Flow Batteries to the Grid
PDF Search Title:
Bringing Redox Flow Batteries to the GridOriginal File Name Searched:
Rodby-krodby-phd-chemE-2022-thesis.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
Salgenx Redox Flow Battery Technology: Salt water flow battery technology with low cost and great energy density that can be used for power storage and thermal storage. Let us de-risk your production using our license. Our aqueous flow battery is less cost than Tesla Megapack and available faster. Redox flow battery. No membrane needed like with Vanadium, or Bromine. Salgenx flow battery
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@salgenx.com (Standard Web Page)