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500 450 400 350 600 500 400 300 85 80 LCOS ($/MWh) LCOS ($/MWh) No crossover 75 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 Overall fade rate (% capacity loss/day) 100 0.01 0.1 0.2 No crossover 0.3 0.4 80 60 40 Electrolyte decay rate (% capacity loss/day) 2 23 45 68 91100 Electrolyte decay fraction (% of overall capacity loss) Capital Cost ($/kWh) LCOS 300 400 500 Optimal caplim Figure II-5 – Sensitivity analysis of overall fade rate while holding electrolyte decay rate constant at its baseline value (0.055% capacity loss/cycle) (a) and sensitivity analysis of electrolyte decay rate (or electrolyte decay fraction, as a fraction of the overall fade rate) while holding overall fade rate constant at its baseline value (0.442% capacity loss/cycle) (b) on the optimal LCOS for three Ccap values (varying colors). The solid lines give the LCOS (left axis) and the dashed lines give the optimal lower rebalancing limit that gives rise to each LCOS point (right axis). In these analyses the battery capacity is fading and thus the capacity available each day is changing. While a lower caplim may lead to a better LCOS in some cases, such operation may not always be feasible for commercial applications as there may not be enough capacity to meet a particular demand. This necessitates consideration of battery sizing, which will be discussed in the subsequent section. Optimal lower capacity limit (%) Optimal lower capacity limit (%) 32PDF Image | Bringing Redox Flow Batteries to the Grid
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