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authors’ knowledge at the time of publication was yet to be realised for the VRB electrolyte flow model. This contribution consequently permits application of a wide range of control design tools via the state space system description. 220 In this study, the charging/discharging current is treated as a disturbance, but needs to be constrained in practice. For example, charging current should be under a limiting current which is a function of the flow rate and SOC to avoid gassing side reaction [19]. Further work includes treating the charging/discharging current as an additional manipulated variable to extend the proposed approach to optimise the economic benefit of battery system operations. 225 5. Conclusion In this article, the linear parameter varying framework facilitated system modelling and control of a VRB system to achieve a desired conversion per pass, leading to efficient battery operation. The dynamic equations for the VRB system were first embedded in an LPV description via new state definitions and reparameterisation of system nonlinearities. The system model was then 230 discretised and augmented to include an integral state, such that steady state errors with respect to the desired conversion fraction could be eliminated. For each of the charging and discharging scenarios, a performance output model for the conversion per pass as a function of the states was proposed and combined with a set of convex polytopic state feedback tracking controllers. The overall control scheme was simulated subject to fluctuations in current, and illustrated the 235 available design trade-off between conversion rate tracking performance and power consumption of the pump. Due to the relatively low complexity of computing the convex combination of vertices online, for the control input, the proposed approach offers ease of implementation and low hardware requirements for battery control and management applications. The proposed control scheme was successfully implemented on a laboratory setup. 240 Acknowledgements This work was partially supported by Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Research Hub for Integrated Energy Storage Solutions IH180100020. The authors would also like to acknowledge Mr Longgang Sun’s assistance in preparing and conducting the VRB experiments. 23PDF Image | Electrolyte Flow Rate Control Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries
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