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1 Introduction Thesis scope VRFB have environmentally and social cost benefits relative to lithium-ion batteries, primarily due to the longer lifetime and ease of recycling. It can be seen that for grid storage applications VRFB are already cost competitive with lithium-ion batteries, but a greater understanding of the kinetics at the carbon felt electrodes is required. Each chapter is written in the form of a research paper and Chapters 4 and 5 have been published. Chapter 2 - Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries Review Chapter 2 provides an overview of the current design and performance of VRFBs. This covers each main cell component of VRFBs, as well as the effect of the electrolyte. From this review, we conclude that the carbon felt electrodes are currently limiting performance significantly. Chapter 3 – Electrode Modifications Chapter 3 details an array of different methods used to modify carbon felt electrodes, including metal deposition, metal oxide deposition, surface modifications and structural modifications. The relevant physical properties that change as a result of these modifications and how these changes influence electrode performance is also detailed. Chapter 4 - EIS at Carbon Fiber Cylindrical Microelectrodes The theoretical mass-transport impedance at cylindrical microelectrodes has previously been identified, but an experimental verification is given here for the first time. Nonlinear least squares fitting of the impedance spectrum of a redox couple at the reversible potential enables accurate evaluation of a composite parameter. From the composite parameter the standard rate constant and mean diffusivity was calculated, without needing to measure the fiber diameter, length or area. 10PDF Image | Electron Transfer Kinetics in Redox Flow Batteries
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