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2 Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Review The cell potentials in Eq. 2.9 are the average potential for the duration of the charge / discharge cycle. Energy efficiency of the cell can be reduced further by the presence of unwanted side reactions and crossover of vanadium ions through the membrane. The most common side reaction in a VRFB is the parasitic hydrogen evolution reaction at the negative electrode, although water splitting and carbon oxidation can occur at the positive electrode. Therefore, the coulombic efficiency, πΆπΈ (also known as the Faradaic efficiency) is defined as ratio of the usable charge to the amount of charge stored intially: πΆπΈ = πΆπππ πhππππ (2.6) πΆπhππππ However, this efficiency is very sensitive to the cell voltage limits and current density applied during the operation of the battery. The overall energy efficiency, πΈπΈ is the ultimate measure of battery performance and is the product of the voltage and coulombic efficiency: 16 πΈπΈ = πΆπΈ Γ ππΈ (2.7)PDF Image | Electron Transfer Kinetics in Redox Flow Batteries
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