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5 Single fibre electrode measurements - a versatile strategy for assessing the non-uniform kinetics The diffusion coefficient for Fe(CN)6 3- and Fe(CN)6 4- was calculated from the limiting currents obtained from steady state voltammograms at a glassy carbon electrode, rotated at rates from 100 to 600 rpm. The Levich equation was applied to relate the limiting current to the diffusion coefficient and the average value (8.35 × 10−6 ± 0.05 cm2 s-1) was used for both redox species for ease of modelling. This value is in agreement with those reported in literature [152]. Measured currents are reported as current densities to allow for easy comparison against other works. For single carbon fibre electrodes, the area was calculated by assuming that the electrode was a perfect cylinder of 10 μm diameter (based on SEM analysis), with the length measured using an optical microscope. For the felt electrodes, the area used to determine the current density was the cross sectional area of the front face (1.00 ± 0.02 cm2). Based on the micro-CT and SEM imaging, the total surface area of the fibres within a 1 x 1 cm felt samples is estimated to be 86.2 cm2. When simulating the cyclic voltammetry at felt electrodes, the total surface area (Atot= 86.2 cm2) is used, with the results reported as current densities based on the projected surface area (1 cm2). The morphology of the carbon felt sample was investigated using a Bruker SkyScan1272 X- ray micro-CT scanning unit. The distance from the camera and object to the source were 274.5 mm and 18.7 mm respectively, with a source voltage and current of 42 kV and 143 μA. Images were taken in slices with a resolution of 0.50 μm per pixel. From the 2D image slices, the total void volume and void size distribution of the felt was calculated using imageJ image processing software, by identifying the area of the slice taken up by fibres. 54PDF Image | Electron Transfer Kinetics in Redox Flow Batteries
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