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6 Using Individual Carbon Fiber Electrodes to Quantify Effects of Thermal Activation Experimental Four different carbon fiber samples were tested. Three of these fiber samples were extracted from PAN based carbon felts (GFE-1 graphite felt, Cera Materials, USA, G100 and C100, AvCarb, USA) and another was extracted from continuous carbon fiber tows (Toray T700SC 12000-50C). To thermally activate these carbon fibers, samples were heated in air at 14.2 oC min-1 to 450 oC and held for 60 minutes, before cooling to room temperature. Each carbon fiber microelectrode was made by gluing a single fiber to an electrical wire using conductive carbon glue. The connection between the carbon fiber and the electrical wire was sealed with epoxy resin. The length of each microcylinder electrode was then determined by optical microscopy and the mean diameter of the different felt samples was calculated from scanning electron micrographs (SEM) collected using a JEOL 7000F. Electrochemical measurements were made using a Gamry 3000 potentiostat. The electrical double layer capacitance was measured using cyclic voltammetry in 1 M KNO3 at sweep rates of 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 and 1 V s-1. The capacitance was then calculated using the following equation: 𝐼−𝐼 𝐶=𝑓 𝑟 (6.5) 2𝑣 The forward current, 𝐼 and reverse current, 𝐼 were taken at 0.4 V vs Ag|AgCl, as at this 𝑓𝑟 potential there were no obvious faradic processes from the surface functional groups (often termed pseudo-capacitance) [210]. All of the capacitance values in this work are from the cyclic voltammetry recorded at 50 mV s-1. The specific capacitance for each electrode was calculated by dividing the total capacitance by the electrode area, calculated using the length and the mean fiber diameter for each fiber type. 76PDF Image | Electron Transfer Kinetics in Redox Flow Batteries
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