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7. Thermal Activation of Carbon Felt for the Positive Vanadium Redox Couple Abstract It has been reported that thermal activation of carbon felt electrodes improves the energy efficiency and maximum power of VRFBs. Some work in literature has assigned the improvements to formation of functional groups at the surface, increasing the inherent rate constant. Others have suggested the improvements are due to larger electrically active surface areas, from increased roughness of the surface or improved wetting. In this work we separate out these effects to identify the source of changes in felt performance, with thermal treatments carried out in air for one hour at 200 to 700 oC, for each of the three felts. The capacitance of each felt was calculated from cyclic voltammetry, this was compared to the physical surface area, measured with BET. Raman spectroscopy and thermal gravimetric analysis provided insight into the different responses to thermal treatment between the three felts. The apparent rate constant for VO2+ oxidation and VO2+ reduction at each felt was then calculated from cyclic voltammetry and compared to the changes in capacitance and physical surface area. Thermal treatment increased the capacitance and physical area for all three felts, however the relative increase was different for each felt type. The highest apparent rate constant was recorded for the GFE felt treated at 600 oC, with 𝑘0 = 8.5 × 10−5 cm s-1. This value is 𝑎𝑝𝑝 in agreement with those reported in literature for the same redox couple at carbon electrodes. 91PDF Image | Electron Transfer Kinetics in Redox Flow Batteries
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