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7 Thermal Activation of Carbon Felt for the Positive Vanadium Redox Couple The volume of the indirectly compressed section of felt was estimated by comparing the charge transferred during cyclic voltammetry to the number of moles of vanadium held within the felt, calculated from the felt void volume and the electrolyte concentration. GFE 400 oC was selected as it did not have a large water splitting contribution to the current, as observed on the GFE felts treated at 500 oC and above. However, it was more active towards the vanadium redox reaction than the felts treated at lower temperatures and therefore more likely to have fully oxidised and reduced the vanadium within the felt during each sweep. From integration, the charge transferred during oxidation (πΆππ₯) was found to be πΆππ₯ = 0.0251 πΆ and during reduction πΆπππ = 0.0236 πΆ. This charge transferred is equivalent to πππ₯ = 0.245 ππππ and ππππ = 0.260 ππππ of vanadium. Based on the non-compressed felt thickness of 3.5 mm, the diameter of 7.5 mm, the porosity of 94% and total vanadium concentration of 2 mM, the number of moles of vanadium that can be oxidised or reduced each cycle is ππ£ππ = 0.290 ππ. Therefore, the number of moles of vanadium converted is between 85 and 90% of the expected value for an uncompressed felt. The discrepancy is small and can be explained by a combination of a small reduction in volume of the felt voids due to compression, as well as incomplete oxidation and reduction during the cyclic voltammetry. Therefore, the void volume reduction of the felt was minimal and it is reasonable to use the void size distribution calculated from micro-CT imaging at GFE for analysis of the felts tested in this work. The charge transfer coefficient, πΌ for the reaction at each felt sample tested was approximated as: πΌ= πΌππ (7.1) πΌππ +|πΌππ| This accounts for differences in kinetic performance for the oxidation and reduction reactions, enabling a more accurate apparent rate constant to be calculated. 102PDF Image | Electron Transfer Kinetics in Redox Flow Batteries
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