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9. Conclusions and Recommendations Vanadium redox flow batteries are a viable form of long duration energy storage. However, the high capital cost reduces the economic incentive to install large quantities of vanadium redox flow batteries. Cost reductions could come from improving the kinetic performance of the carbon felt electrodes, typically used in vanadium redox flow battery cell stacks. Unfortunately, the quantification of electron transfer kinetics at carbon felt electrodes is difficult due to the complex mass transport behaviour within the randomly ordered felt electrodes. Experimental conclusions In this work we have used cylindrical single carbon fibre electrodes to simplify the geometry, enabling accurate calculation of electrode kinetics, by modelling the response of the electrodes to cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Analysis of the kinetics for the Fe(CN) 3− / Fe(CN) 4− redox couple at single carbon fibre electrodes showed that 66 there was a distribution of rate constants within the felt. However, the carbon felt electrodes are a randomly ordered array of individual carbon fibers, thus in order to model the behaviour at a felt electrode the void size distribution of the felt is required. In this work the felt void size distribution was characterised by analysing micro-CT images of the felt. When the void size distribution and the rate constant distribution were considered together, it was shown that accurate simulation of cyclic voltammetry at the carbon felt electrode was possible over a wide range of sweep rates. 123PDF Image | Electron Transfer Kinetics in Redox Flow Batteries
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