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GCMN 2020 IOP Publishing Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1759 (2021) 012009 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1759/1/012009 To get to know the capacity of the electricity storage of the flow batteries we are able to build in a year, we suppose all the anthraquinone could be used to make electrolyte and take 9,10-anthraquinone- 2,7-disulphonic acid (AQDS) as an example. In the production of one year, 2500 million molars of AQDS can be produced and the storage capacity under 1V is 1.3×108 kWꞏh. The electricity consumption of an ordinary family of 4 person in a month on average is 350 kwꞏ h, which means if all the AQDS are applied in flow batteries, there are going to be 40 thousands families at the scale of a city with 1.6 million population using renewable energies stored in the flow batteries. Judging from that, the flow battery is facing a great upsurging demand both in household and industry market in the future. Besides, the energy density of AQDS is relatively higher, so if all these 40 thousands families use flow battery as their house- hold energy station for solar-based or wind-based electricity, there will be about only 0.15 m3 of extra space is needed. Owing to the adequate resources, high energy density, versatile utilities and environment friendliness, flow battery with nonmetallic electrolyte is a promising energy storage method in the future. It’s a promising candidate for a low-costing electrolytes. Here, there are many researches demonstrating metal-free flow battery based on anthraquinone disulphonic acid (AQDS) and other organic electrolytes. Recently, Huskinson, B. et al,.[24] came up flow battery based on AQDS/AQDSH2 electrolyte in sulphuric acid solution. The addition of two hydroxy groups to AQDS increase the open circuit potential and cell voltage[24]. The discharge mechanism of this flow battery has shown below. There are solution of AQDS in sulphuric acid in negative side and Br2 in HBr in positive side and they are pumped to the porous carbon electrodes, where they will react on the surface of each electrodes. Nafion 212 membrane is applied in the middle of two Toray carbon paper, as two carbon electrodes, and enables the proton coupled electron transport reaction happened between both sides. However, flow battery in this stage still has a disadvantage that electrolyte are in acid solution and the solution will corrode the tank which seriously vitiate the commercial application of flow battery. Vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) is a promising solution for large scale energy storage, as the demand ascents, the commercial application of VRFBs is severely limited by high price. For this aspect, organic electrolytes based on coal and row oil is a perfect bypass of high cost. 2. Perspectives Improvement of redox flow battery undergoes several stages, from VRFBs, organic redox flow battery to metallic coordination complexes flow battery. After recent review the researches on the performance enhancement of flow battery, however, redox flow battery is a energy storage system that will definitely come into application. While tailoring the component of electrolytes with the aim of increasing cell voltage and cyclic stability, retrofits on the fundamental design of flow battery could be another promising path on engineering aspect. Nowadays, the research on finding substitute for flow battery has been prevailed for a long time, with the most relatively viable choices for electrolytes tested not ideal, researchers will have to develop a brand new chemical structure for the commercial application of flow battery. On the other hand, the modification of the structure of the flow battery is a more enduring method for promoting the performance because it can not only escalate the efficiency but can also reduce the investment in the exploitation on new electrolyte. 6PDF Image | Emerging Aqueous Flow Batteries and Perspectives
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