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Potentiostatic cycling with Coulombic SOC cutoff Fig. S23 depicts results of an experiment in which 1.6 V potentiostatic cycling was initially performed until the current was < 2 mA/cm2, corresponding to the first segment of the graph. The cell lost 10 C in 2 days of full cycling, corresponding to approximately 4.8% loss per day. Then, in the second segment of the graph, the same voltage (1.6 V) was applied for charging with a Coulomb cutoff set at 95 C (88% SOC based on the 107.8 C capacity from the end of the first segment). The cell was fully discharged every cycle at 0.6 V until the current was < 2mA/cm2. The cell lost 2 C over 2 days. This number is calculated by the capacity at the end of the first segment minus the capacity at the beginning of third segment. Using 107.8 C as the initial value, this represents approximately 0.8%/day, much less than 4.8% loss per day, which demonstrates the effect of SOC control. Although the SOC range is similar to that shown in Fig. 4A of the main text, the fade rate is higher in this case. We hypothesize that the fast charging rate due to the 1.6 V potentiostatic condition creates a local SOC gradient near the electrodes and in the tubing, which exceeds the target SOC and therefore accelerates the decomposition. 100% SOC 88% SOC 100% SOC cycling cycling cycling Figure S23. K4[Fe(CN)6] 120 110 100 90 80 012345 Time (Days) Potentiostatic full cell cycling of 0.1 M DHAQ in a 1.2 M KOH solution vs 0.05 M in a nitrogen atmosphere. 25 Capacity (C)PDF Image | Extending organic flow batteries via redox state management
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