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• Milestone completed. A new single cell with active area of 780 cm2 was fabricated with the FY15 design with a thinner Nafion 211 membrane. The Nafion 211 membrane is approximately 1 mil thick in comparison to a 2 mil thick Nafion 212 that was used in FY15. The stack demonstrated in Q1 operated at 400 mA/cm2 had a stack energy efficiency of 70% at ~35°C with a flow rate of 800 cc/min/cell. The new cell fabricated in Q2 utilizing the Nafion 211 membrane had a stack energy efficiency of 73% when operated under similar conditions. Cost performance projections and additional design changes to increase performance and to reduce the cost will be evaluated and described in detail in Q3 and Q4 of FY16. Q3 Milestone: Evaluate cost performance models based on Q2 results. • Milestone completed. The redox flow battery cost model was validated using performance data from a 3-cell stack. At a current density of 400 mA/cm2, the new redox flow stack with an optimized design and flow rate can achieve a stack energy efficiency of 70% with projected system costs of $290/kWh. Approximately 60% of the total cost is associated with the chemicals attributed to the price of vanadium. Q4 Milestone: Develop and demonstrate a kW scale redox flow battery system capable of meeting projected cost targets of < $300/kWh for a projected 4-hour system. • Milestone completed. A 3-cell prototype stack was demonstrated and fabricated using a thinner, less-resistant Nafion NR-211 membrane. In addition, a monolithic bipolar plate design with an interdigitated flow pattern was used in the 3-cell stack. The bipolar plate is a vinyl ester/graphite composite material applicable to low cost, high volume manufacturing. The resulting 3-cell stack exceeded target metrics by achieving an average power of 1.1 kW and a stack energy efficiency of ~ 74% when operated at 400 mA/cm2. The system cost for a commercial 1MW/4MWh redox flow battery system is projected to be ~$290/kWh for the all vanadium mixed acid electrolyte. 4PDF Image | High Current Density Redox Flow Batteries
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