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Section 2.12 Modeling of the hydraulic circuit The reciprocal value of κE is called viscous resistance and is an input parameter for the cell zone condition of ANSYS Fluent. In [67], KKC is treated as a fitting parameter and determined to be 4.28, corresponding very well to the experiments and computations reported in [71]. 2.12.2 Computational fluid dynamic simulations For the meshing of the geometry, the sweep method is applied to all parts. A face sizing with an edge size of 0.5 mm is assigned to the inlet and the outlet face of the electrode. Thus, the electrode, representing the largest part of the studied problem volume, is discretized more coarsely using rectangles of different sizes. The longer sides of the rectangles are aligned with the fluid flow direction. The rectangles are smaller towards the inlet and outlet zones of the electrode and larger towards the middle of the electrode. All other parts are discretized using cubes of 0.5 mm edge length. Figure 2-18 a) shows the mesh for a 2000-cm2 cell with a channel width of 20 mm. Herein, the mesh size is increased by a factor of ten for visualization purposes. After applying the standard initialization, which is computed from the inlet, the problem is solved using up to 500 iterations. The convergence criterion is set to absolute. The absolute convergence criteria are 0.001 for continuity, x-velocity, y-velocity and z- velocity, which represent the standard values of ANSYS Fluent. The option ‘Double precision’ is activated because the extent of the geometry varies significantly in the three dimensions. Figure 2-18 b) shows the results of the CFD simulation for a 2000-cm2 cell with a channel width of 20 mm. The fluid velocity in the graphite felt is very homogenous, which is plausible due to its very large hydraulic resistance. In the channel, a laminar flow evolves, with a peak velocity of 0.9 ms-1. a) Mesh b) Simulated fluid velocity Flow direction Figure 2-18: CFD model of a 2000-cm2 cell with a channel width of 20 mm: a) Exemplary meshing with an edge length of 5 mm, b) Fluid velocity in the cell at the nominal flow rate 50PDF Image | Model-based Design Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries
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