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Section 2.12 Modeling of the hydraulic circuit in Figure 2-21, by taking the arithmetic mean value of the seven normalized efficiency curves, given in Figure 2-20 b). Figure 2-20: Pump efficiency over rated flow rate [75–79] Figure 2-21. Average pump efficiency used in this work over flow rate 2.12.7 Numerical examples As shown in Figure 2-22, the pressure drop of a pipe with a length of 1 m is in the same order of magnitude as the pressure drop of an orifice with a loss coefficient of one. In both cases, the pressure drop decreases significantly for larger pipe diameters. Figure 2-23 shows the pressure drop and the electric pump power demand of a single- stack system. For a low flow rate, the pressure drop of the external hydraulic circuit can be neglected compared to the pressure drop of the stack. Even at the highest studied flow rate, the stack still accounts for 89 % of total pressure drop. The pump power demand increases rapidly towards a larger flow rate although the pressure drop approximately increases linearly. This is partly because of multiplying two linearly increasing quantities, namely the flow rate and the pressure drop. However, as shown in Figure 2-21, the efficiency of the pump drops if the delivered flow rate exceeds 60 % of 55 Efficiency in % Efficiency in %PDF Image | Model-based Design Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries
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