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Section 8.4 Constant flow rate superimposed SoC limits additionally limit the capacity gain of a larger flow factor. The charging process is ended when the tank SoC reaches a value of 90 %, even if the upper stack voltage limit is not yet violated. The same applies to the discharging current in an analogue manner, for a lower tank SoC limit of 5 %. A further increase of the flow factor only results in a capacity gain, if it increases the efficiency. For a current of 40 A, increasing the flow factor from two to three drastically lowers the RTSE. Hence, despite the general correlation, it is also possible for a larger flow factor to yield a lower discharge capacity. We can conclude from Figure 8-2 that different flow factors are optimal for different currents. Unfortunately, the constant FRCS does not permit different flow factors. Hence, the current-weighted average of the RTSE, ØRTSE, is calculated as shown in Eq. (8-5) to identify the optimal flow factor for the constant FRCS. The values of ØRTSE are calculated individually for all the different flow factors, as shown in Figure 8-3 a). (8-5) Wherein: η(ji) RTSE for the considered current density ji (%) ∅RTSE i1i ∑Nj j i ith considered current density Number of different considered current densities (-) ji Nj Figure 8-3: Current-weighted average RTSE and nominal discharge capacity over the flow factor for the constant FRCS of design 2.5. The highest current-weighted RTSE identifies the constant flow factor which is most suitable over the whole operational area. In terms of capacity, the nominal discharge capacity yielded by a specific flow factor for the nominal current is evaluated, as shown in Figure 8-3 b). 77 76 75 74 73 72 71 b) Nominal discharge capacity 0123401234 Flow factor Flow factor a) Current weighted RTSE ∑Nj jη(j) i1 i (Am-2) 15 10 5 70 0 124PDF Image | Model-based Design Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries
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