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Section 8.5 Variable flow rate – Conventional approach 8.5.2 Simulation results As shown in Figure 8-4 a), amongst the displayed flow factors, a flow factor of three yields the highest RTSE for all studied currents. In fact, the optimal flow factor in terms of efficiency only varies little, as shown in Table 8-1. For a smaller battery current, a larger flow factor decreases the discharge capacity due to additionally used SoC limitation and efficiency loss, as shown in Figure 8-4 b). Towards the nominal current, a substantially larger flow factor is reasonable. In fact, the optimal flow factors in terms of discharge capacity increase from 2.25 to 4.25 with an increasing current, as shown in Table 8-1. For the conventional variable FRCS, the flow factor is allowed to vary with the current. Hence, for every simulated current, it is possible to select the flow factor that yields the highest RTSE or the largest discharge capacity. As shown in Table 8-1, the flow factors that yield the largest discharge capacity incline significantly faster with the current than the flow factors that yield the highest efficiency. This highlights the dilemma of deciding for highest efficiency or largest discharge capacity. Figure 8-4: RTSE and specific discharge capacity for design 2.5 with the conventional variable FRCS using different flow factors (FF) in dependence of the applied current. Table 8-1: Optimal flow factors for the conventional variable FRCS for different optimization objectives Current in A 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 max. RTSE 3.00 3.00 2.75 3.25 3.50 3.25 3.25 3.50 3.75 max. Capacity 2.25 2.75 3.00 3.00 3.25 3.75 4.00 4.00 4.50 126 Efficiency in % Specific capacity in WhL-1PDF Image | Model-based Design Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries
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