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612 Fathima AHmjaenddHPinaalaFniastahmimyaK/etEanle.r/gEynPerogcyePdriaoc0e0di(a20117)(02001–70) 0607–614 1200 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Voltage 1000 800 600 400 200 00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Volta ge Fig.3. (a) I-V curve; (b) P-V curve A 1.5kWh VRB battery has been modeled using eq. (1)-(3) in Simulink as shown in Fig.1. The cell stack voltage Vcell has been assumed to be 1.5 V and about 40 cells are stringed together in series to build up Veq to about 60 V. Req has been evaluated to be about 0.75 ohms and was included in the battery model [11].The battery operation has been examined by connecting it in parallel with the PV system and a 500 W resistive load. A charge controller block has also been included which prevents over charging/discharging of the battery. It monitors the battery SOC continuously and generates control signals C1 and C2 which are complementary in nature so that when C1 is 1, C2 is zero and vice versa. These signals drive the connectivity switches of the battery with the PV system and the load. The depth of discharge of the VRB was assumed to be 80% in the simulation with initial SOC of 60%. The simulation was run for a total of 72 hours. The battery charges through the PV during the day time until it reaches SOCmax after which the control block makes the signal C1 to 0 and C2 as 1. As C1 goes to 0 it disconnects the battery from the PV to avoid over charging. After sunset, the battery then discharges through the load until SOCmin condition is reached. This drives C1 to 1 and C2 to 0 and the battery is again connected to PV for charging. See Fig.4. The VRB current and voltage are plotted in Fig. 5. The aim of the proposed system is to deliver constant power to the resistive load. Thus, the battery operates about 4 complete charge-discharge cycle during this simulation. Approximating this value it can be concluded the annual charge-discharge cycles to about 480. Assuming the VRB battery to deliver 10,000 cycles, this count proves that a safe operation of battery with effective management can result in a service lifetime of 20.8 years which is deemed to be very good. 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 103 14 25 36 47 56 1 0.5 0 13 14 25 36 47 56 Signal0. 5 03 14 25 36 47 56 Time in Hours Fig.4. VRB simulation results (a) SOC (b) Control Signal C1 (c) Control Signal C2 C SO i C2 1Signal C n% Current (A) Power (W)PDF Image | Operation of a Vanadium Redox Flow Battery for PV
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