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Chapter 3. Characterisation Methods reactions take place [38]. It should be noted that the capacity fade measured in both full and symmetric cell configurations is the sum of several processes, namely chemical degradation, crossover of active species through the membrane, and mechanical leaks. If the goal is to determine the chemical long-term stability of a compound, it should be verified that the losses from crossover and leaks are negligible. Balanced Unbalanced (a) –+ Qneg = Qpos (b)– + Qneg < Qpos (c) –+ Qneg = Qpos (d) –+ Qneg < Qpos (e) –+ Symmetric Full Figure 3.7: Schematic drawings of the five common single cell configurations. (a) Capacity-balanced full cell. (b) Capacity-unbalanced full cell. (c) Volumetrically bal- anced symmetric cell. (d) Volumetrically unbalanced symmetric cell. (e) One-container symmetric cell. The second main group of configurations are the symmetric cells, in which compositionally identical electrolytes are used. As for full cells, symmetric cells can be operated either with or without a CLS, with the same advantage of being able to follow the capacity fade of one side of the cell at a time. The configurations are shown schematically in Figure 3.7 (c) and (d). The CLS is in this case achieved by using a larger volume on one side of the cell. An advantage of symmetric cells over full cells is that membrane crossover is effectively mitigated. Symmetric cells can also be operated in a one-container configuration, which involves circulating electrolyte from the same container through both sides of the cell. This is shown schematically in Figure 3.7 (e). The one-container configuration allows measurements to be conducted at a constant SOC, as changes in the ratio of oxidised and reduced occurring through the cell are evened out when the two electrolyte streams mix. This configuration is useful when recording the electrochemical impedance of a symmetric cell, which requires the system to be as stable as possible. 28PDF Image | Organic Redox Flow Batteries 2023
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