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Organic Redox Flow Batteries 2023

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Organic Redox Flow Batteries 2023 ( organic-redox-flow-batteries-2023 )

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5.2. Results and Discussion Figure 5.1: Galvanostatic symmetric cell cycling of 10 mL 0.2 M K3[Fe(CN)6]/ K4[Fe(CN)6] at ±40mAcm−2. (a) Cell voltage against capacity for a subset of 34 cycles recorded over 18 h. The dashed grey line represents the theoretical capacity (53.6 mA h). (b) Charge and discharge capacities and coulombic efficiency against time and cycle num- ber. The dark red and salmon lines represent linear regressions carried out over a subset of the charge capacity data; the resulting slopes are annotated. the literature for pH 7.2 [49] (the fade rate was given in % cycle−1 in the reference and was recalculated using the experimental conditions reported therein). However, since the experiment presented here was relatively short, the numbers may not be representative for the fade rate during extended cycling. Based on observations made in the literature [65] and during symmetric cell impedance studies in this work (which will be discussed in Chapter 6), one possible explanation for the observed capacity fade is that the membrane resistance increased over time. If this is the case, cycling the cell potentiostatically should result in a lower fade rate. A potentiostatic cycling protocol at ±0.2 V was therefore applied to the same system, with the voltage held at the limits until the current plateaued at approximately ±0.5 mA. Data from 27 cycles recorded over 9 h are presented in Figure 5.2. An immediate observation is that the discharge capacity is considerably higher than the charge capacity. This is likely caused by a too low sampling rate used in the experiment, which would cause the initial spike in current when the potential is applied to not being recorded correctly. The 73

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