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such systems (Figure 1).28–30 The use of the same ROM as both anolyte and catholyte, in a so- called symmetric system, is believed to be key to improve the performance of ORFBs. In addition to preventing cross contamination, symmetric ORFBs can access three different oxidation states of the electrolyte within the same compartment, resulting in a charged to one polarity or to the opposite polarity via one-electron cycles in opposite directions. To date, only three examples of symmetric ORFBs have been reported, (Figure 1, green box),31–33 and these either possess a high OCV with low cyclability (Figure 1, example iv), or a better reliability (max 100 cycles) but a small OCV (Figure 1, examples v and vi). Yet these reports provide the pioneer evidences that symmetric ORFBs can open new junctures and lead to promising applications. Figure 1: Open Circuit Voltage (OCV) feature for common batteries, and recent promising RFBs (Cyclability = capacity (Q) retention >90% after n cycles) with their electrolyte couples: (i),28 (ii),29 (iii), 30 (iv),31 (v)32 and (vi)33. In recent years, dimethoxyquinacridinium ions (DMQA+), a class of stable helical carbenium ions, have received increasing interest due to their photophysical, electrochemical, and biological 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 10000 1000 100 10 01 4 Open Circuit Voltage (V) 1.2 1.65 1.41 1.9 2.2 0.72 0.6 2.12 2.1 3.7 Cyclability 2.97 3.2 Pb-Acid Li-Ion Ni-Cd Ni-Zn Vanadium RFB CP Polymer/ Pyr+ (i) DBMMB / 2-MBP (ii) ThioCP / Phtalimide (iii) BODIPYs Polymer (iv) CarbenePyr-Me (v) Phenothiazine (vi) ⭐"# this work "#⭐PDF Image | Organic Redox Flow Battery Helical Carbeniun Ion
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