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114 Redox - Principles and Advanced Applications Figure 4. An illustration of a semi-solid redox flow battery with solid materials stored statically in the tank, and redox shuttle molecule (SM) circulated with electrolyte. 7. Conclusions and perspectives Redox flow battery technology is relatively new and not yet well-developed. Rational electrolyte management and cell design can lead to the enhancement of energy storage capability and a reduction in construction cost. Novel electrolyte chemistry and development of a new configu- ration of flow batteries will create high system flexibility. Physiochemical and electrochemical redox properties of active couples, stability window of supporting electrolyte, selection of supporting ions, stability of electrode materials and cell components are key factors for success- ful applications. Future market penetration of flow batteries needs low cost, high energy density and high power density. The pace of recent development in the active organic molecules as electrolytes opens new strategies of cost-effective and sustainable solutions for large-scale sta- tionary energy storage. The application of energy-dense solid materials in suspension for redox flow batteries may largely enhance the energy density of flow battery systems. Acknowledgements We thank the support from the basic research funding of KIST Europe (“Electrochemical energy transformation and energy storage”). Ruiyong Chen thanks Professor R. Hempelmann for his continuing support. Abbreviations AQDS 9,10-Anthraquinone-2,7-disulphonic acid BMImCl 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride BP Biphenyl BP•- Biphenyl radical anion LiTFSI Lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulphonyl)imidePDF Image | Redox Flow Batteries Fundamentals and Applications
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