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Figure 3. A schematic illustration of a vanadium redox flow battery (discharging) using mixed sulfate-chloride electrolyte solutions at temperatures higher than 20oC. Cathode: Anode: Cell: VO + +Cl- +H O–e 2 2 V3+ + e VO2+ +Cl- +H O+V3+ 2 Charge Discharge Charge Discharge Charge Discharge VO Cl+2H+ (1) 2 V2+ (2) VO Cl+2H+ +V2+ (3) 2 Scope and Milestones in FY12 The overall objective of this project is to develop and demonstrate low cost all vanadium mixed acid flow battery technologies using the PNNL invented electrolytes. Toward this goal, we focus on screening and optimization of cell and stack components, including electrolytes, carbon felt electrodes, current-collecting bi-polar plates, and proton membrane or separator. These components are then prepared at immediate scale and assembled into stacks to further validate the electrolytes, other components and designs. A bench-top system up to an 1- kW stack and 1-kWh tanks will be demonstrated at the end of FY12. To help optimize stack design and system integration, computer modeling is performed to simulate flow and electrical field, and to shunt current (a parasitic current that can cause a significant energy loss and affect the reliability and durability of the stacks). To achieve the overall goal in FY12, the following milestones are planned: First Quarter - Complete evaluation and optimization of cell components. The related components will be used in the 1-kW prototype design and assembly. This milestone has been completed. Second Quarter - Complete cell/stack designs and scale up for the 1-kW prototype Third Quarter - Complete assembling a 1-kW/1-kWh prototype system 6PDF Image | Redox Flow Batteries for Stationary Electrical Energy Storage
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