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Redox Flow Batteries Vanadium to Earth Quinones

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Redox Flow Batteries Vanadium to Earth Quinones ( redox-flow-batteries-vanadium-earth-quinones )

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Figure 2.8. - Scheme of a VRFB single cell. The GF provides the electroactive surface where the electrochemical reactions take place. Increasing the degree of compression will reduce the electrical resistance of the felt, but will increase pressure drop and the associated pumping energy losses through the stack. Cells are fed through a common manifold that must be designed to minimized shunt currents. Shunt currents and pumping energy are parasitic losses that must be minimized. With a good design and pump control, these can consume less than 2-3% of the total energy produced by the battery, as reported by Tang et al145. 2.7.4 Cost analysis Cost-effective electrochemical energy storage has the potential to dramatically change how society generates and delivers electricity. Unfortunately, present state- of-the-art technologies are too expensive for broad deployment. First is needed a reduction in manufacture costs and associated overheads, which are identified as the single largest cost-savings opportunity for today's battery-based storage options. In addition, increasing production volume and market competition will lead to lower material costs, which makes flow batteries as a promising technology platform capable of achieving the low costs required for widespread implementation. A key enabling development will be the discovery of tailored molecules that are long lived, provide large cell voltages, and have costs similar to existing commodity chemicals. 39

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