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The largest decrease in total system price for VRFBs is the result of smaller cadd values. The 10 GW h production scale considered in this analysis has the potential to enable this dramatic cost reduction150. The future value of cbop and cadd are highly uncertain, but are included in an attempt to close the gap between material costs and the total equipment cost realized by the owner of the energy storage system. More importantly, these values demonstrate the dramatic lowering of price contributions that must occur to reach long-term goals. Competitive pressures, benefits from scale, and benefits from learning by doing will all be driving forces for these projected cost reductions. Whether or not the assumed values are reached depends on both the existence of a profitable energy storage market that utilizes the chemistry in question and the quality of the engineering estimates. Table 2.1 – Performance and cost parameters required to meet cost effective energy storage. Aqueous 1.5 0.5 150 0.05 ∼1–2 5 0.1 Materials-level performance and cost requirements are presented in Table 2.1. Electrolyte platforms would benefit from tailored molecules with low equivalent weights, fast kinetics, and cell voltages that stretch the electrolyte stability window. The active material and electrolytes must both be inexpensive. Aqueous electrolytes must be almost free. The concentration of active material targeted is 2 mol L−1 at least, for aqueous systems. Uave /V ASR /Ω cm2 Equivalent weight / g (mol e−)−1 Solubility mass basis / kg kg−1 Solubility molar basis / mol L−1 Material cm / $ kg−1 Electrolyte ce / $ kg−1 42PDF Image | Redox Flow Batteries Vanadium to Earth Quinones
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