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GF-P GF-HT GF-TiO2(SNRs) GF-TiO2(NPs) GF-TiO2(MNPs) 80 60 40 20 0 0 20 40 60 80 Re(Z) / Ohm Figure 6.6. –. Potentiostatic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (PIES) has been done for different electrodes in a 0.05 M V3+ at 50% SoC and 1 M H2SO4 solution. It was purged continuously with nitrogen gas. The potential used was -0.26 V vs. NHE. 6.1.1.2 Single cell performance Furthermore, to evaluate the feasibility of the battery using these modified electrodes, galvanostatic single cell experiments were done in a 1 M vanadium ions and 3 M H2SO4 electrolyte solution with these electrodes used as negative electrodes while GF-HT were used on the positive electrode, reaching 50 mA/cm2 as maximum current density. The specific capacity increases as the decoration on the negative electrode of titanium dioxide structure goes from NPs to SNRs, finishing in MNRs as top value (Figure 6.7a). Following the trend (Ah/L): GF-P (8.6) < GF-HT (9.9) < GF-TiO2 SNRs (11.6) > GF-TiO2 NPs (13.0) > GF-TiO2 MNRs (13.8) at 25 mA/cm2. Although these are evidences of the increasing selective active groups towards V3+/V2+ redox reaction, reaching to more electroactive vanadium electrolyte, the semiconductor nature of TiO2 increases the overvoltage in GF- TiO2(MNRs) when the fibers are completely covered by it (higher current polarization). Besides, the trendy selectivity towards vanadium negative reaction is confirmed by the Coulombic efficiency values for the modified titanium dioxide different electrodes (Figure 6.7b). Therefore GF-TiO2(MNRs) has the largest value obtaining around 99% CE, while GF-TiO2(NPs) get a little bit less close to 98% and GF- TiO2(SNRs) as expected give the lowest value among the titanium dioxide samples with 96%. As shown in Figure 6.7b, these values are for 50 mA/cm2 current 89 - Im(R) / OhmPDF Image | Redox Flow Batteries Vanadium to Earth Quinones
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