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polarization, 150mA/cm2, a remarkable recovery to the initial values, shown in Figure 6.18b, to low current density (i.e 12.5mA/cm2) was observed. 100 28 80 24 CE GF@TiO2:H VE EE Discharge Charge 150 mA/cm2 60 20 16 40 12 8 20 00 cycle Figure 6.19. - Long-term cycling of the GF@TiO2:H electrode in a single cell for 1M VOSO4 and 3M H2SO4. Thereafter, it is cycled the same prototype of the VRFB with a higher concentration of vanadium ion (2 M VOSO4) and same acidic conditions (3 M H2SO4) are evaluated at high current density, in order to improve the amount of active material in the same volume, being capable of duplicate the energy per volume. Obtaining an electrolyte-utilization ratio of 81%, 62%, and 40% related to 200, 250, and 300 mA/cm2, respectively. In spite of the larger polarization due to the increased active ion concentration, these outstanding performances (Figure 6.20) (i.e. 300 mA/cm2), show an excellent result in terms of specific capacity and CE vales. Comparatively with the results obtained by Tseng et al (2014) at 200 mA/cm2, the CE attains values up to 90% at 3rd cycle. However, the CE value VRFB using GF@TiO2:H electrode remain constant during cycling to reach values up to 96%, indicating that GF@TiO2:H electrode, guarantee working without capacity fading (absence of side reactions) at high current densities for concentrated electrolytes in VOSO4. The maximum reached current density for stable cycling is 350 mA/cm2. However, the values obtained are poor (41% VE, 98% CE, 40% EE and 4.4 Ah/L). 20 40 60 80 100 4 102 Efficiency / % Capacity / Ah/LPDF Image | Redox Flow Batteries Vanadium to Earth Quinones
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