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ii) Secondly, the TiO2 rutile structure remains even after the appearance of a cubic TiN phase around 900 °C pointing out that only a TiN formation. However, the position of the XRD pattern of the rutile peaks shift towards higher 2θ values as the temperature is increased from 500 to 900oC, i.e. from 27,58o to 27,71o showing that rutile has undergone a nitrogen doping over titanium dioxide nanorods as temperature is increased achieving strain values (Δd/d) around +1%, where “d” is the inter-planar spacing. The crystalline domain size from these XRD spectra considering Debye-Scherer formula is around 50 nm. iii) Thirdly, as the nitrided treatment reaches 900oC, there is an overall modification of the sample structure. The broad peaks presented in the green area, observed in Figure 6.24b, disappears pointing out that stoichiometry of TiO2 is recovered and TiN phase formed. Therefore, it is plausible to assume that TiN is localized at the outermost zone of the remain unaffected TiO2, exactly where TiN stress phase formation can be relaxed. For this phase, the crystalline domain from the Debye-Scherer formula is around around 30 nm. Additionally, the XRD of CF@TiO2N500 and CF@TiO2N700 does not show any peak realated to TiN. In consequence, at this stage, TiN phase is not yet seggregated from the TiO2 and Nitrogen is only present inside of the TiO2 lattice such as the peak deformation corraborates. It is also worth consider such high temperatures could also functionalize the carbon felt surface. 110PDF Image | Redox Flow Batteries Vanadium to Earth Quinones
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