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1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 GF@Ce (+) GF@TiO2:H (-) 0.80 4 8 12 16 20-1 Specific Capacity / AhL Figure 6.37. – Scheme of the charge-discharge displayed plots for the different electrodes involved in this section in an electrolyte solution of 1.5 M vanadium ions and 3 M H2SO4 at a current density of 150 mA/cm2. The picture behind shows the GF@CeO2-x ALD deposited. Furthermore, the slower kinetics of the VRFB positive reaction (2.18) as it is a more complex reaction comparatively to the one electron transfer for the negative VRFBs reaction. Accompanied by the side reactions in the positive half-cell, diminishes the overall battery performance due to a kinetic overpotential that lowers the voltage efficiency of the battery as well as the capacity. For that purpose Ceria is deposited over the positive electrode material, which is a cheap well-known material, in addition to its standard potential and faster kinetics in acidic solution, E0 = 1.72 V, acts avoiding Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) during the battery cycling by shifting OER to larger potentials. Moreover, CeO2 and specially, CeO2-x, also enhance the electrocatalytic properties among cycling as a consequence of the electro active oxygen groups, formed on the electrode’s surface. GF@TiO2:H (-) vs. GF@CeO2 (+) GF@TiO2:H (-) vs. GF@CeO2-x (+) 150 mA/cm2 E/V 132PDF Image | Redox Flow Batteries Vanadium to Earth Quinones
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