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In order to compare the different charge and discharge profiles using a variety of electrodes, it has to be at a highest 150 mA/cm2 current density (Figure 6.46b). First, the Ceria electrode in the positive side of the cell while using only GF on the negative shows (9.6 AhL-1) a pronounce slope, especially during charge, that evidence the highly abundant hydrogen evolution reaction taking place, which generates an overpotential while charging due to large electrode surface not in contact with the electrolyte. Secondly, in the opposite case using GF as positive electrode and GF@TiO2:H as negative one (14.1 AhL-1). The charge and discharge profiles reduce their slope, which means a side reaction inhibition as the case of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Also catalysis over the reaction as the initial potential is substantially reduced, and therefore the kinetics are increased. Comparatively the oxygen evolution that occurs in this case is significantly much lower that the hydrogen evolution of the previous case. Finally, while using GF@TiO2:H(-) on the negative side of the cell and the reduced (16.2 AhL-1) and non-reduced (15.2 AhL-1) Ceria shell over the GF, our profiles are slightly better in terms of capacity reached as a consequence of a more abundant active sites (-OH groups) on the negative and positive electrodes, following the proposed mechanism227 (Figure 6.47). In case the capacity values are compared to the literature, an 80% of the theoretical capacity is achieved which value is above recent publications234,235. Bayeh et al. with TiNb2O7-rGO electrodes obtained a 70% for similar current densities, and also Yun et al. with GF-NiO NPs just reached a 67% of the theoretical capacity. It can be also observed in case of the Ceria sample reduced comparatively with the non-reduced, that the first one cited presents oxygen vacancies in the metal oxide structure and as a result increases the active – OH sites. 143PDF Image | Redox Flow Batteries Vanadium to Earth Quinones
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