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7.3.2.1.1 Characterization CF CF-N CF- rGO/Q Carbon pattern 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 2 Theta / deg Figure 7.10.- XRD spectra for the samples GF, GF-N and GF-rGO/Q compared with the graphite pattern. Besides, the material synthesis is characterized by several methods, the XRD diffractogram (Figure 7.10) showed two main peaks around 12o and 26.4, which correspond to the G and D bands related to carbon structures271. Also there is a hardly noticeable peak at 44.4o correspond to (101). There is not an appreciable difference in the XRD peaks between the various electrodes, as all of them are hydrocarbon based materials, and therefore other specialized techniques are more appropriate. SEM images of the various electrodes companied by its EDX elementary composition, Figure 7.11a, show an initial pristine electrode with less than 1% in weight of oxygen, as well as a smooth surface. When the felt is treated by oxygen plasma, it content increases moderately above 5% in weight. It also evidences an increased surface roughness as it can be seen in Figure 7.11b. Moreover, the CF into the acidic (HNO3) hydrothermal treatment gives a surface functional groups reduction, decreasing the oxygen content to 1%, while passivating on the micro structure as can be appreciate in the SEM (Figure 7.11c). Lastly, the case that includes graphene oxide and the quinone on the felt structure gives twice as high oxygen content as the pristine or plasma activated ones and 10 times higher than the acid treated. The Figure 7.11d offers a vision of the graphene flake coating the CF, the presence of the quinone groups cannot be Irel / % 163PDF Image | Redox Flow Batteries Vanadium to Earth Quinones
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