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a) 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 b) 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 10 mA/cm2 c) time / s cut off potential 1.1 V d) 1.2 0.9 0.6 0.3 0.0 -0.3 -0.6 E Ewe 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 20000 40000 60000 01234 Capacity / mAh 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 time / s 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 cut off potential / V initialEocv we initialEocv ce initialEocv cell cycledEocv we cycledEocv ce cycledEocv cell cut off potential: 0.7 V 0.8 V 0.9 V 1.0 V 1.1 V 1.2 V 1.3 V 1.4 V E ce cell E vs Ag/AgSO4 / V E vs. Ag/AgSO4 / V Efficiency / % E/V Figure 7.41.- a) Single cell Eocv vs. time after charge. b) Single cell charge discharge-plot of potential vs. capacity for several cut off potentials, showed on the picture, at 10 mA/cm2 current density. c) Single cell charge-discharge plot for working electrode, counter electrode and the difference between these two of the potential vs. time. d) Bar chart of single cell efficiency vs. cut off potential at 10 mA/cm2 current density. Furthermore, some charge-discharge has been done at a current density of 10 mA/cm2 setting different values of flow speed, in order to set the most efficient for the aqueous organic redox flow batteries. In this case, the cut off potential is highly increased up to 1.4 V. As Figure 7.42 shows, the efficiency (87 to 96.9 CE%) and capacity of the battery increase as the flow speed is raised from 10 mL/min to 50 mL/min quite significantly. Once this value is obtained, the capacity minimally increases when setting 75 and 100 mL/min, as well as happens to the efficiency (97.1% for 75 mL/min), which could even decrease its value when 100 mL/min is set (96.1%). Moreover, long term stability has been done up to 100 cycles with a cut of potential of 1.4V and 50 mL/min of flow speed. Even though the battery increases its Coulombic efficiency among cycling, the capacity retention decays rapidly to 40% in less than 20 cycles and giving a final value of 20% after 100 cycles. This fact evidences the low stability of the system, which suffers from an important non-reversible process of the active material. 197PDF Image | Redox Flow Batteries Vanadium to Earth Quinones
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Salgenx Redox Flow Battery Technology: Salt water flow battery technology with low cost and great energy density that can be used for power storage and thermal storage. Let us de-risk your production using our license. Our aqueous flow battery is less cost than Tesla Megapack and available faster. Redox flow battery. No membrane needed like with Vanadium, or Bromine. Salgenx flow battery
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