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comparment1. Another interesting future feature would be increasing even more the concentration of the solvated redox material into a functional battery. As a summary, the prior showed studies done in half-cell systems considering specially the electrodes (cathode and anode) enhancement, are capable of take into a single cell device (battery) these improvement. After implementing these electrodes, CF-HT (+) and CF-rGO/Q (-), the battery is capable to achieve an outstanding performance, in 0.05 M active material concentration, obtaining 98% CE, 76% VE and 74% EE for 10 mA/cm2 of current density applied. These efficiency values are reduced when increased to 0.3 M of active material, getting 96% CE, 58% VE and 56% EE for 10 mA/cm2 of current density applied. However, the capacity retention is increased from 77% to 80%, as the amount of active material is raised. 7.4 Conclusions Along the experimental work done within the group, it has been accomplished much, obtaining the following conclusion points that summarize this chapter about aqueous organic redox flow batteries: 1. The treatments done on the cathode electrodes for metal-free redox flow batteries has the objective to increase the surface area by electrode functionalization with nitrogen and oxygen groups, especially active are the oxygenated-N and C=O groups. These are more abundant on the CF-HT surface. Therefore the electrodes become more electrochemically active, as CV showed by an increase in the reversibility and diffusion towards the Tiron redox reaction on CF-HT comparatively to the other two electrodes (CF-HT and CF-rGO/Q). In spite the fact that the kinetic values for all the electrodes are similar, which shows that these N and O groups do not act as a catalyst, the charge transfer resistance is reduced due to that functionalization. This facilitates the migration of the Tiron redox species towards the interface electrode-electrolyte. Moreover, the CF-HT electrode is stable at least for 1000 cycles, which evidences the good performance and low degradation (HER and OER) of it. 2. The treatments done on the anode electrodes towards the Anthraquinone- 2,7-disulfonic acid disodium salt has the objective of increase the electrochemically active surface area by the formation of nitrogen, mainly as graphitic-N as well as pyrrolic-N, and oxygen groups, especially C-O and O- C=O groups. Therefore the electrodes become more active towards the previously mentioned 2,7-AQDS redox reaction. It is confirmed as CV showed by an increase in the reversibility and electrode-electrolyte mass transfer for the CF-rGO/Q electrode comparatively to CF-HT and CF- rGO/ROH. Moreover, when fitting PEIS done at 0.15V vs. NHE which is the potential Anthraquinone-2,7-disulfonic acid disodium keto/enol reaction 204PDF Image | Redox Flow Batteries Vanadium to Earth Quinones
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