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1 2 REDOX CHEMISTRY At Fraunhofer ICT electrolyte formulations for all-vanadium redox-flow batteries are developed and optimized. In addition, formulations for other flow battery systems are investigated, electrochemically tested and characterized in a cell test. Particular attention is paid to electrolytes for bromine-based and organic redox-flow batteries, as well as vanadium-air systems. In all-vanadium redox-flow batteries (VRFBs) energy is stored in chemical form, using the different oxidation states of dissolved vanadium salt in the electrolyte. Most VRFB electrolytes are based on sulfuric acid solutions of vanadium sulfates. An important feature of this system is the complex chemistry of pentavalent vanadium, which tends towards irreversible condensation at temperatures above 40°C. This temperature threshold limits the application range of the system. To increase the range of operating temperatures and improve the efficiency and power density, at Fraunhofer ICT new electrolyte formulations for vanadium electrolytes are under investigation. The electrode kinetics of the electrolyte solutions are investi- gated using voltammetry. Based on battery charging cycles in standardized test cells, the performance and efficiency of the electrolytes can be precisely characterized. In addition, commercial redox-flow battery systems, as well as those in the research stage, are electrochemically characterized in half-cell tests. Due to the high electrode potential and the easy availability of the starting material, many redox-flow batteries are based on the bromine/bromide redox couple. However, high bromine concentrations can only be achieved in the aqueous electrolyte solutions when polybromides or polyhalides (Br3-, Br5-, ClBr2-) are formed. In this context we are focusing on new complexing agents to produce bromine-electrolyte solutions with higher energy densities and increased safety. Our offer J Development or improvement of electrolyte formulations by electrochemical and physicochemical analyses J Voltammetric investigations (stationary or rotating electrodes) on model electrolytes according to customer requirements J Production of pure vanadium (II) sulfate - hydrate and vanadium (III) sulfate - hydrate salts for model electrolytes J Electrochemical investigation of new electrode materials for application in VRFBs (voltammetry, impedance spectrosco- py, cell tests) J Spectro-electrochemical investigations of glass, carbon or customized materials J Generation of customer-specific specifications for electrolyte solutions 1 Electrochemical measu- rement cell with separate half-cells. 2 Test bench for single cell measurements.PDF Image | REDOX-FLOW BATTERY
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