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[mol/m3] 812 810 808 806 804 802 800 798 796 23 50 0 1 200 100 0.0447 0.014 0.012 0.01 0.008 0.006 0.004 0.002 0 0 0 0204060 MODELING AND SIMULATION At Fraunhofer ICT fluidic, thermal and electrochemical models of redox-flow batteries are used to gain a better understanding of battery behavior during operation. New sensor technologies such as spatially re- solved current density measurements provide insights into the working battery. On a system level we offer storage designs involving a range of technologies, and technical-economic investigations of microgrids. Fluid simulations Inserting measuring probes into working batteries is difficult. For this reason, it is particularly important to model redox-flow cells in the design phase, and to use these results to simulate virtual batteries. Using these battery simulations, the characte- ristics of redox-flow batteries can be investigated and used to evaluate different battery concepts, from individual cells up to large, stationary energy storage devices. The performance of a redox-flow cell depends most signifi- cantly on the geometric configuration of the cell, the elec- trolyte flow and also the material used. The first step in the modeling is the CAD representation of the cell. In the model, the flow simulation (CFD) is linked to the physicochemical simulation of the electrode processes, and enables the spatial representation of local electrochemical phenomena in the cell. In a single stack, or in a system consisting of several connected stacks, the performance is also influenced by phenomena ari- sing from the fluidic as well as the electric interconnection of electrochemical cells, such as shunt current losses or unequal flow distributions. The abstract modeling of stacks enables these effects to be evaluated, and potential improvements can be identified. Storage design Stationary energy storage devices are increasingly used in de- centralized systems. Using a system simulation for microgrids, Fraunhofer ICT optimizes the operating strategy, the selection of storage technologies and the dimensioning of storage de- vices and renewable energy generators. This process takes ac- count of the technical and economic framework as well as the planned location of use. The simulation is based on consumer load profiles and weather-dependent data on electricity gene- ration from renewable energy sources. 1 Simulation of the flow velocity in an RFB stack 2 Lines of flow in a CFD simulation of a single entry channel 3 Simulation of transport processes in a single entry channelPDF Image | REDOX-FLOW BATTERY
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