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Advances in Engineering Research, volume 163 (a) (b) (c) Fig. 6 Synergic relationship in different flow channels. Fig. 6a shows the synergic relationship in a rectangular channel. As shown above, the red, blue and black arrows represent the velocity field, the concentration gradient field of V3+ at the negative electrode, and the temperature gradient field, respectively. The arrow directions represent the directions of the fields and the lengths of the arrows represent the intensities of the fields. The angle of concentration gradient and the velocity field is close to 90°; therefore, the synergistic relationship is smaller; meanwhile, the angles of the concentration gradient and temperature gradient are nearly 0°, meaning that the synergistic relationship is larger. That is to say, a more effective way to improve mass transfer is to change the synergy angles of the concentration gradients and the velocity fields. In terms of heat transfer, the temperature gradient and velocity fields become vertical, which weakens the heat transfer effect and is good for battery performance. Fig. 6b shows the synergic relationship in a serpentine channel. In terms of heat transfer, the angle of the temperature gradient and the velocity field is close to 90°, which is beneficial to battery performance. Compared with a rectangular channel, there are many differences in mass transfer. On one hand, the angles of the velocity field and concentration gradient field are larger than 90°, which could strengthen the mass transfer. On the other hand, the Soret effect weakens the internal mass transfer and is adverse to the battery performance. Due to the overall temperature changes being smaller, the influence of the Soret effect could be ignored in this case. Fig. 6c shows the synergic relationship in a composite arched channel. The synergic relationship is similar to that observed in a serpentine channel. However, compared with Fig. 6b, the electrolyte flows more homogeneously, and the synergic angles of the concentrate fields and velocity fields are larger, both of which strengthen the mass transfer. Conclusion Membrane-electrode models of a VRB with rectangular, serpentine and composite arched flow channel configurations are developed in this paper. The comprehensive analysis of economic efficiency and operating performance analysis demonstrate that the composite arched flow channel has the advantages of a small flow resistance, a short flow path and is more suitable for the overall performance of a VRB. Moreover, the field synergy principle analysis indicates that the use of a composite arched channel will effectively change the synergy angle of the field in the cell and largely strengthen the mass transfer process. In short, the composite arched channel configuration provides a greater improvement in battery performance compared to the other two configurations. Acknowledgements This work was supported by Beijing Institute of Technology scientific cooperation project (No. 3190012351701) and the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No.21111120074). 1891PDF Image | Simulation all-vanadium redox flow battery arched channel
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